定語(yǔ)從句是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的核心板塊，也是考試中分值占比高、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)密集的部分。掌握其用法，既能夯實(shí)語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)，更能在閱讀、寫作中搶占得分優(yōu)勢(shì)。本文北京高考在線團(tuán)隊(duì)整理了英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句核心考點(diǎn)及易錯(cuò)題，來(lái)看看吧！

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英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句核心考點(diǎn)及易錯(cuò)題

考點(diǎn)清單一、關(guān)系代詞that和which

要點(diǎn)精講1：1.that用作關(guān)系代詞，指人或物；在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，有時(shí)作表語(yǔ)；2.that用作關(guān)系副詞，作方式狀語(yǔ)（that相當(dāng)于in which，可以省略），先行詞是the way。3.只用that不用which的場(chǎng)合：①先行詞既為人又為物時(shí)；②先行詞被序數(shù)詞詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)；③先行詞是all, much, little, everything, nothing. anything等不定代詞時(shí)；④先行詞被only, very, little, all等修飾時(shí)。

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用關(guān)系代詞that或which填空。

1. I don’t like the way _______you speak to her.

2. He is the only man __________ I can find for the work.

3. He is no longer the man _________he was five years ago.

4. The first English novel __________ I read wasGone With Wind.

5. This is one of the most exciting football games _______ I have ever seen.

6. John told his parents about the cities and the people _________ he had visited.

7. (2018·全國(guó)II)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when thegovernment started a soil-testing program___ ___gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers---and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.

【答案與解析】

1. that。the way在定語(yǔ)從句作方式狀語(yǔ)，故填that。注意此時(shí)that可以省略。故答案是that。

2. that。限定詞only是關(guān)鍵。故答案是that。

3. that。本句中that在定語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)。故答案是that。

4. that。先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾只能用that不用which。故答案是to reduce。

5. that。先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾只能用that不用which。故答案是that。

6. that。先行詞既為人又為物時(shí)，只能用that不用which。故答案是that。

7. that/which。沒(méi)有特別限定，二者都可以，在定語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)。故答案是that/which。

要點(diǎn)精講2：which用作關(guān)系代詞，指物；在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)；5.只用which不用that的場(chǎng)合：①引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是整個(gè)主句或主句一部分，前邊有逗號(hào)為標(biāo)志；②用于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，如in which, both of which等。

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用關(guān)系代詞that或which填空。

8. (2020·江蘇改編) Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free.

9. (2018·北京改編)She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.

10. (2017·北京改編)The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.

11. (2017·全國(guó)III) But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.

【答案與解析】

8. which。choose from表示“從……選擇”；先行詞是Many lessons，故用which。故答案是which。

9. which。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是整個(gè)主句，前邊有逗號(hào)為標(biāo)志。故答案是which。

10. that/which。沒(méi)有特別限定，二者都可以，在定語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)。故答案是that/which。

11. who。逗號(hào)表明這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；先行詞指人，作主語(yǔ)，不能用that或which。故答案是who。

考點(diǎn)清單二、關(guān)系代詞whose

要點(diǎn)精講：1. whose用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，先行詞指人或物；2.有時(shí)用于“介詞+whose+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；3.whose+名詞=the +名詞+ofwhom/which=ofwhom/which+ the +名詞。

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

12.【2018·天津】Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work inAustralia.

13.(2017·江蘇改編)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.

14. He lives in the room,________window faces the south/_____________the window faces the south.

15. This is Mr Green,________ ___________help I’ve made great progress in English.

【答案與解析】

12. whose。whose用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，先行詞指人。故答案是whose。

13. whose。whose用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)，先行詞指物。故答案是whose。

14. whose; of which。whosewindow=thewindow ofwhich。故答案是whose; of which。

15. with whose。With one’s help表示“在……幫助下”。故答案是with whose。

考點(diǎn)清單三、關(guān)系副詞where

要點(diǎn)精講：where用作關(guān)系副詞，在定語(yǔ)從句作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)；先行詞既可以是具體地點(diǎn)名詞，如school, museum, centre還可以是抽象名詞，如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等（熱點(diǎn)，須牢記）

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

16. (2018·江蘇改編) Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same startingline.

17. We’re just trying to reach a point _________ both sides will sit down together and talk.

18. Remember that there is still one point _______ we must make clear tomorrow.

19. Today, we’ll discuss some cases _____ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.

20. He wrote a letter __________ he explained what had happened in the accident.

【答案與解析】

16. where。先行詞an area在定語(yǔ)從句充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故答案是where。

17. where。先行詞是抽象名詞point，定語(yǔ)從句不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)作狀語(yǔ)。故答案是where。

18. that/which。定語(yǔ)從句含有make…clear結(jié)構(gòu)，因此從句缺少賓語(yǔ)。故答案是that/which。

19. where。先行詞是抽象名詞cases，定語(yǔ)從句不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)作狀語(yǔ)。故答案是where。

20. where。先行詞是名詞letter，定語(yǔ)從句不缺少主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于in which。故答案是where。

考點(diǎn)清單四、關(guān)系副詞when

要點(diǎn)精講：when用作關(guān)系副詞，在定語(yǔ)從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；先行詞是具體時(shí)間名詞，如day, month, year還可以是抽象名詞，如age, stay, occasion等。

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

21. I will never forget the months ________I spent with my cousin in Beijing.

22. People are living in an age________many jobs are done on computer.

23. The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.

24. She’ll never forget her stay there ____ she found her son who went missing two years before.

【答案與解析】

21. that/which。沒(méi)有特別限定，二者都可以，時(shí)間名詞在定語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)。故答案是that/which。

22. when。when用作關(guān)系副詞，在定語(yǔ)從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故答案是when。

23. when。when用作關(guān)系副詞，在定語(yǔ)從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。注意本句先行詞The days和定語(yǔ)從句沒(méi)有緊挨在一起，而是被謂語(yǔ)are gone分隔開(kāi)，形成分割定語(yǔ)從句。故答案是when。

24.when。when用作關(guān)系副詞，在定語(yǔ)從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故答案是when。

考點(diǎn)清單五、關(guān)系副詞why

要點(diǎn)：why用作關(guān)系副詞，在定語(yǔ)從句作原因狀語(yǔ)；why還可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

25. Do you know the reason _______Jim failed to come today?

26. The reason _________Jim failed to come was ________he was seriously ill.

【答案與解析】

25. why。why用作關(guān)系副詞，在定語(yǔ)從句作原因狀語(yǔ)。故答案是why。

26. why; that。The reason why…is that…是固定句型，表示“之所以……是因?yàn)?hellip;…”。故答案是why; that。

考點(diǎn)清單六、先行詞作狀語(yǔ)還是賓語(yǔ)

要點(diǎn)精講：先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞，關(guān)系詞不一定用where；先行詞是時(shí)間名詞，關(guān)系詞不一定用when；先行詞是原因名詞，關(guān)系詞不一定用why；竅門：學(xué)會(huì)分析句子成分，原句含有主謂賓或者不缺少賓語(yǔ)才能用關(guān)系副詞；原句缺少主語(yǔ)或 賓語(yǔ)才能用關(guān)系代詞。

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

27. Do you still remember the days________ we studied together?

28. Do you still remember the days________ we spent together?

29. Is this the museum ______ you once worked?

30. Is this the museum ______ you once visited?

31. Is this the reason _______he was absent from school yesterday?

32. Is this the reason _______he gave for absence from school yesterday?

33. Anyway, that evening, ______I’ll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.

【答案與解析】

27. when。when用作關(guān)系副詞，在定語(yǔ)從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。故答案是when。

28. that/which。沒(méi)有特別限定，二者都可以，時(shí)間名詞在定語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)。故答案是that/which。

29. where。where用作關(guān)系副詞，在定語(yǔ)從句作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。故答案是to reduce。

30. that/which。沒(méi)有特別限定，二者都可以，地點(diǎn)名詞在定語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)。故答案是that/which。

31. why。why用作關(guān)系副詞，在定語(yǔ)從句作原因狀語(yǔ)。故答案是to reduce。

32. that/which。從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞give是及物動(dòng)詞，從句缺少賓語(yǔ)。故答案是that/which。

33. which。逗號(hào)表明這是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句about暗示后面缺少賓語(yǔ)。故答案是which。

考點(diǎn)清單七、as典型用法

要點(diǎn)精講1：用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…句型(注意the same…as…強(qiáng)調(diào)“和……是同一類”；the same…that…強(qiáng)調(diào)“和……是同一個(gè)”)。

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

34. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyone likes to visit.

35. Los Angeles is such an attractive place _______everyone likes to visit it.

36. This is ______difficult a problem _____no one can work out.

37. This is ______difficult a problem _____no one can work it out.

38. My pen is missing. I’d like to buy the same pen _______I lost.

39. Jenny is so happy, for she has found the same pen ______ she lost yesterday.

【答案與解析】

34. as。such…as…構(gòu)成限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少賓語(yǔ)。故答案是as。

35. that。such…that…構(gòu)成結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，從句不缺少成分。故答案是that。

36. so; as。so…as…構(gòu)成限制性定語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少賓語(yǔ)。故答案是so; as。

37. so; that。so…that…構(gòu)成結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，從句不缺少成分。故答案是so; that。

38. as。the same…as…強(qiáng)調(diào)“和……是同一類，符合語(yǔ)境要求。故答案是as。

39. that。the same…that…強(qiáng)調(diào)“和……是同一個(gè)，符合語(yǔ)境要求。故答案是that。

要點(diǎn)精講2：as用作關(guān)系代詞，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，位于主句的前、中、后，強(qiáng)調(diào)前后邏輯一致，表示“正如……”，從句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等動(dòng)詞；which和as用法區(qū)別：①位置上：which從句只能位于主句之后，as從句位于主句的前、中、后；②邏輯上：which強(qiáng)調(diào)前后不一；as強(qiáng)調(diào)前后邏輯一致，“正如”；③句式上：which多用于“which+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)”句型；as多用于as we all know/see, as is often the case with sb等句型。

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

40. He failed in the driving test again, _________surprised us all.

41. He failed in the driving test again, _________we had expected.

42. _________ is often the case with Jim, he was fined for speeding.

43. _______ is known to everybody, light travels faster than sound.

44. The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.

【答案與解析】

40. which。which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且多用于“which+動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)”句型。故答案是which。

41. as。as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)前后邏輯一致，“正如”。故答案是as。

42. As。as is often the case with sb引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。位于句首或句末。故答案是As。

43. As。as we all know/as is known to all引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。位于句首或句末。故答案是As。

44. as。as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以插入到主句中間，如本句。故答案是as。

考點(diǎn)清單八、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)

要點(diǎn)精講：先行詞指人關(guān)系代詞用whom，指物關(guān)系代詞用which；介詞選擇的原則：一看先行詞詞特殊要求，如to a degree，二看從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞搭配，如learn from三看整個(gè)語(yǔ)境邏輯。特殊結(jié)構(gòu)如in which case, with whose help等。

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

45. Do you remember the day we first met?

46. Do you remember the month we first met?

47. This is the skirt she paid $100.

48. This is the skirt she spent $100.

49. This is my English teacher, I’ve learned a lot.

50. This is my English teacher, help I couldn’t have made such rapid progress.

【答案與解析】

45. on which。“在某一天”介詞用on。故答案是on which。

46. in which。“在某一月”介詞用in。故答案是in which。

47. for which。pay…for…是固定詞組。故答案是for which。

48. on which。spend money/time on…是固定詞組。故答案是on which。

49. from whom。從句謂語(yǔ)含有l(wèi)earn from短語(yǔ)。故答案是from whom。

50. without whose。with one’s help表示“在某人幫助下”，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境應(yīng)用否定形式。故答案是without whose。

考點(diǎn)清單九、定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致

要點(diǎn)精講1：先行詞作主語(yǔ)，that/which/who從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)保持一致。

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

51. Anyone who ___________(want) to see the film should put up your hands.

52. I, who __________(be) your friend, can understand you.

【答案與解析】

51. wants。anyone作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)。故答案是wants。

52. am。定語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)是I，對(duì)應(yīng)謂語(yǔ)是am。故答案是am。

要點(diǎn)精講2：先行詞是one of…結(jié)構(gòu)，定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；先行詞是the only /very one of…，定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

53. He is one of the students who________(praise) at yesterday’s meeting.

54. He is the only one of the students who ______________(praise) at yesterday’s meeting.

【答案與解析】

53. were praised。先行詞是one of…結(jié)構(gòu)，定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。故答案是were praised。

54. was praised。先行詞是the only /very one of…，定語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。故答案是was praised。

考點(diǎn)清單十、定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)雜形式

要點(diǎn)精講：先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句分隔開(kāi)構(gòu)成“分割型”定語(yǔ)從句；定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型相結(jié)合考查；定語(yǔ)從句與名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句綜合考查；定語(yǔ)從句在閱讀理解和完形填空中多起干擾作用，注意用括號(hào)法快速識(shí)別達(dá)到化繁為簡(jiǎn)目的。

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

55. Occasions are quite rare_________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.

56. It was in the backyard ________ my father planted many vegetables ________ he dug up a statue.

57. He wrote a lot of novels, many of _________ were translated into foreign languages.

58. He wrote a lot of novels, and many of _______ were translated into foreign languages.

59. A new school will be built in _________is abankruptfactory now.

60. A new school will be built _________there is abankruptfactory now.

【答案與解析】

55. when。本句是分割定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是Occasions。故答案是when。

56. where; that。________ my father planted many vegetables是定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞backyard；后面才是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。故答案是where; that。

57. which。這是“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。故答案是which。

58. them。and是解題關(guān)鍵，表明這是一個(gè)并列句。故答案是them。

59. what。介詞in后面接一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，該從句缺少引導(dǎo)詞和主語(yǔ)，故答案是what。

60. where。_________there is abankruptfactory now在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。故答案是where。

好題再練（一）高考真題

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

1. (2021·天津) William Hastie once suggested that history informs us of past mistakes from ________ we can learn without repeating them.

2. (2021·天津) At the Chinese art festival, there are different stands ________ artists demonstrate their skills and teach the visitors.

3. (2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ) In ancient China lived an artist ________ paintings were almost lifelike.

4. (2020·江蘇改編) If you look at all sides of the situation, you'll find probably a solution that _______(suit)everyone.

5. (2019·江蘇改編) We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of comingtrue.

6. (2019·天津改編) Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not fullsentences.

7. (2019·全國(guó)II) Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, _________ she opened with her late husband Les.

8. (2019·全國(guó)III) They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.

9. (2019·北京)The students benefitting most from college are those are totally engaged in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources.

10. (2019·浙江)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.

【答案】

1. which 2. where 3. whose4. suits 5. when6. where7. which8. who9. who10. that/which

好題再練（二）模擬試題

【即時(shí)訓(xùn)練】在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。

11. George Orwell, _______ real name was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.

12. There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science.

13. Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment ________ they live.

14. The Beatles, _____many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.

15. You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station _____ you can hire to reach your host family.

16. She might possibly come, in _______ case I’ll ask her.

17. But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _______I was the first Western TV reporter to film a special unit.

18. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _______is not good for the health.

19. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring was spread over the garden, _______ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生長(zhǎng)) through it.

20. Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, ________ lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.

【答案】

11. whose 12. as 13. where 14. as 15. which/that 16.which 17.when 18. which 19. where 20. who

好題再練（三）單句改錯(cuò)

下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤，請(qǐng)指出并糾正。

21. (2020·天津改編) Dr. Rowan, who secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.

22. (2020·全國(guó)II) Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy.

23. (2020·全國(guó)II) Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.

24. (2019·全國(guó)III) In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environmentwhat is created for them.

25. (2019·全國(guó)I)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the schoolplayground.

26. (2018·全國(guó)I) They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.

27. (2018·全國(guó)I) Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 who showeda mere five to 10minutesa day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.

28. (2018·浙江) The best part of the process is that there's enough room for improvement, that means you'll just keep getting better and better.

29. (2017·天津改編) My eldest son, who work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.

30. (2017·全國(guó)II) In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.

【答案】

21. who改為whose

22. what改為which

23.what改為that

24. what改為that/which

25. where改為when

26. which改為where或者which前加in

27. who改為that/which

28.第二個(gè)that改為which

29. who改為whose

30. that改為which